Most of you have by now received our Annual Update Letter, either by US postal mail or by email. If not, you can access it here.
A few comments:
First, we apologize to Jerome Chandler, whose name was inadvertently left off the "Directors" list at the bottom of the letter that was mailed earlier. One of those complete mysteries---Jerome has actually been on our Board since the get-go and of course, has been the driving force behind all things "science." And such a vital force he is!!
Second, we want especially to thank all who have done the hard work of collecting, packing, and shipping children's books (3035 now, by exact count). Some sixty of you have donated One Laptop Per Child Computers (OLPCs). Some of you have helped refurbish those computers. Others have given scientific calculators, science and other educational materials, lightly used laptops, and, of course, money.
And on the Ghanaian side, we thank James Kainyiah for his many visits to Axim and his constant oversight of all the projects; the Axim community volunteers who helped process the books at the Children's Library; the headmistresses and other school leaders who found rooms, security arrangements, supervised contractors, and generally put the resources to work.
We thank Francis, who for five years or more has been the faithful watchman, protecting the property and seeing to the safety of both people and materials at the Heritage Home in Axim.
The parents of Apewosika School and the central area JHS, through their PTA associations, supported their scholarship children, and helped at the JHS construction site.
We especially thank Chief Awulae Attibrukusi and the Nzema East District Assembly and District Chief Executive for their ongoing support.
You'll see in our letter our plans for next year. Of course, after eight years, we have learned that working in Africa, one can expect surprises! Our model is to work mostly through leaders in Axim. What a lot we have all---Ghanaians and Americans---learned from each other!
We wish you all a really good 2014!
Directors Maryanne Ward, Tom Castor, Louise Wilkinson, Jerome Chandler, Sue Pederson, and Rich Ward
Ghana Together works with our Ghanaian friends of Western Heritage Home, a Ghanaian-registered and managed non-profit, to improve social, educational, and health conditions in Axim, Ghana. Together we accomplish projects, connect WHH to resourceful individuals and organizations, and create sustainable programs. We make a real difference to real people in a local, grassroots effort. Our website at http://ghanatogether.org tells our story.
Dec 10, 2013
Nov 21, 2013
Engineers Without Borders Builds New UDDT Type Toilet in Axim, Ghana
More than two hundred students in one of Axim's Junior High Schools have been
using this toilet for some years. It was built by parents with what they could
muster.
Enter the Northwest Washington Professional Chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB), located in Bellingham, WA.
Some of members had been in Axim on a water assessment project in 2009, and they couldn’t help but notice that lack of TOILETS is a major deficiency, especially at schools.
So, they researched, wrote proposals, made drawings, convened meeting after meeting, applied for funding…
And, finally---SUCCESS. EWB members Paul A Randall-Gutter and Jennifer Mueller travelled to Axim in late October 2013 to start construction. They brought back some great photos!
They also trained students and teachers in the concepts behind this UDDT toilet, which is a new design for the Ghanaians in Axim and perhaps in Ghana.
This EWB chapter is doing an absolutely wonderful job on this project---not only seeing to the construction, but keeping costs within "Ghanaian parameters" for future locally-funded applications. They searched the world's best practices for a design that works without water or electricity, and has been tested in several similar countries, including several hundred schools in Kenya. They paid special attention to accommodate the needs of girls of junior high age.
Also, the team went to a lot of effort to include training and lots of involvement and input from the local folks who will actually use the new toilet. (You can read more about the team here).
We of Ghana Together (US) and Western Heritage Home (Ghanaian associates) are proud that we helped mid-wife the project.
Not our “baby" but we helped:
James Kainyiah is especially to be thanked for tirelessly seeing to most of the details on the Ghanaian side...not an easy job.
Enter the Northwest Washington Professional Chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB), located in Bellingham, WA.
Some of members had been in Axim on a water assessment project in 2009, and they couldn’t help but notice that lack of TOILETS is a major deficiency, especially at schools.
So, they researched, wrote proposals, made drawings, convened meeting after meeting, applied for funding…
And, finally---SUCCESS. EWB members Paul A Randall-Gutter and Jennifer Mueller travelled to Axim in late October 2013 to start construction. They brought back some great photos!
Paul Randall-Gutter, Contractor Emmanuel Appiah, Jennifer Mueller, and James Kainyiah, Chair of Ghanaian host organization, Western Heritage Home |
Fr. Paul Awuah Leading the Groundbreaking Ceremony |
After about two years of very hard work by the EWB chapter, a new low-impact, urine-diversion-dry-toilet (UDDT) is being built right this minute at a Junior High School in Central Axim, thanks to these extraordinary engineers.
They also trained students and teachers in the concepts behind this UDDT toilet, which is a new design for the Ghanaians in Axim and perhaps in Ghana.
Students creating posters that explain the concept of the UDDT type of toilet |
This EWB chapter is doing an absolutely wonderful job on this project---not only seeing to the construction, but keeping costs within "Ghanaian parameters" for future locally-funded applications. They searched the world's best practices for a design that works without water or electricity, and has been tested in several similar countries, including several hundred schools in Kenya. They paid special attention to accommodate the needs of girls of junior high age.
Also, the team went to a lot of effort to include training and lots of involvement and input from the local folks who will actually use the new toilet. (You can read more about the team here).
We of Ghana Together (US) and Western Heritage Home (Ghanaian associates) are proud that we helped mid-wife the project.
Not our “baby" but we helped:
…find from the many schools with not-so-good toilets, one that held good chance of success, including leaders and students open to the idea, and also just the right slope of land for this first "test" toilet. (The slope...we hope! The engineers said “think urine
DIVERSION…” yikes!)
… took the EWB initial proposal with us to Axim, convened
meetings there with key leaders we have built relationships with over the
years, and got agreements signed by responsible persons for their share of the proposed project
…tucked in drawings on a subsequent trip and worked
with James Kainyiah, the Chair of Western Heritage Home (local NGO and host organization), to find contractor
Emmanuel Appiah
... tried our best to explain the UDDT concept and the
drawings to Mr. Appiah (we are far from engineers here…), and get his buy-in to
take on the projectContractor Emmanuel Appiah on left with associates, James Kainyiah in blue shirt in center. They are holding copies of drawings and technical details (Feb 2013) |
…worked with Mr. Kainyiah to keep key leaders in Axim informed
and involved, like Mrs. Yawson, the school’s Headmistress, and Fr. Paul Awuah, who
is not only a Catholic priest but a dedicated community leader
…and generally helped facilitate communication overall.
Along the way, after eight years of working together, we have built
relationships with the Axim community, and also have become minor experts in understanding
Ghanaian accents (English, but combination of African and British...), phoning
Ghana, texting Ghana, emailing Ghana, wiring funds to Ghana...and just plain talking things out. James Kainyiah is especially to be thanked for tirelessly seeing to most of the details on the Ghanaian side...not an easy job.
James Kainyiah on his cellphone, maybe talking with us! |
Our mission statement includes this item:
…to link
Ghanaians with charitable, educational, non-governmental, and non-profit organizations
and resourceful individuals that foster personal independence and
self-sustaining solutions for community social, health, and educational
improvement.
A mouthful, but we mean it. We are absolutely delighted
that this EWB project is coming to fruition and we were able to give it a boost!
Stay tuned for the news update about the completed toilet!!
Stay tuned for the news update about the completed toilet!!
For more information about Ghana Together see http://ghanatogether.org
To contact us, email info@ghanatogether.org
Oct 26, 2013
PTA Starts the Moving-In Process in Axim, Ghana JHS Public (Government) School
We thought we would post a progress update on the JHS school
renovation project in Axim, Ghana, that we featured in our last News Update of August 29.
You may remember that before work started, back in
August, the building looked like this---it was completely unusable.
Work has been ongoing since then. The exterior, as you can see below, is finished.
As you can imagine, both students and parents are very
excited about this renovation. In fact, last week, as a work project, the PTA moved school desks and benches into one room of the building, even though it is really not yet ready for use. Then, they held their meeting there, too.
At their monthly meetings, the PTA members who can donate small amounts of cedis to help pay for various school improvements. While this is a hardship on some, it also increases parental commitment to their children's education.
With the exterior finished, carpenters are finishing up work on the interior. They removed the broken ceiling tiles, and are installing a new ceiling. The entire building, inside and out, is being painted.
When all the skilled work is done, the PTA will be back to give the place a good cleaning, move in all furnishings, and make sure everything is in order for their "wards" and their teachers.
With energy and good luck the building will be ready for students on November 1!
Ghana Together's friend, partner, and basically the brains behind this project is James Kainyiah (who is becoming an AWESOME photographer). He sent this picture which he titled, "Students Anxious To See Their School Building Completed!" And so they are.
PTA Members Gathering for Work Project and Meeting in Renovated School Building. Looks Good!!! |
PTA Members with some Students After their Monthly Meeting in Front of Building. The PTA Chairman is shown in white caftan in the foreground |
PTA Parents Contributing Small Donations of Cedis in the New Classroom. They had just moved in these desks and held their meeting here. |
With the exterior finished, carpenters are finishing up work on the interior. They removed the broken ceiling tiles, and are installing a new ceiling. The entire building, inside and out, is being painted.
Broken Ceiling Tiles |
Ready for New Ceiling |
When all the skilled work is done, the PTA will be back to give the place a good cleaning, move in all furnishings, and make sure everything is in order for their "wards" and their teachers.
With energy and good luck the building will be ready for students on November 1!
Ghana Together's friend, partner, and basically the brains behind this project is James Kainyiah (who is becoming an AWESOME photographer). He sent this picture which he titled, "Students Anxious To See Their School Building Completed!" And so they are.
For more info about Ghana Together, go to http://ghanatogether.org
To contact us, email info@ghanatogether.org
Aug 29, 2013
First Ever Video: Renovating the JHS building in Axim, Ghana
We realize we’re in danger of overloading you with
emails but since this is the first-ever
video we’ve ever received from anyone in Axim, we just have to share it!
(And this may not work...we're probably more clueless than the Ghanaians on this stuff. You can always go to http://ghanatogether.blogspot.com if the email version of the video doesn't work...)
Step at a time.
(And this may not work...we're probably more clueless than the Ghanaians on this stuff. You can always go to http://ghanatogether.blogspot.com if the email version of the video doesn't work...)
It’s a mystery! Did someone actually get a cell
phone that takes videos? (They do have 70% or so “cell phone penetration”, but still…) Maybe a wandering British or
Ghanaian ex-pat visitor was trying out a new camera? James sent the video as a big “surprise” with no explanation, probably trying to amaze us! (We are amazed, James, really we are! Now to get the darned thing to play!)
Remember about two weeks ago we reported on the
project to renovate a JHS school to
provide three more classrooms and a small office?
You can see the workers in action! So nice to know we’re
helping on the job front! When the skilled guys are done, the PTA will move
in with paint brushes, brooms...
You’ll see in the video background a couple of nicer
buildings, but also a very large one with no roof at all. We’re hoping to
tackle that roof next, as funds allow.
The additional really good news is that WHH is also replacing
the roof on the Heritage Building because the short spans just could not stand
up to the torrential tropical rains on that very large, flat roof. But, they’ll
work fine on this smaller JHS building with pitched roof, so WHH is donating those
materials to this project...recycling, saving cedis, community effort...
Step at a time.
To contact us: info@ghanatogether.org
For more info: http://ghanatogether.org
Aug 26, 2013
Laptop Hand-Over to Axim All-Girls High School
As a follow-up to moving the Jerome Chandler
Science Resource Center to the newly-certified Axim All-Girls High School,
Headmistress Stella Adjei was presented with a laptop computer. It is outfitted
with a satellite modem, which provides internet access, as well as open-source office type software.
The laptop will be used for research, email, and
administrative purposes by Madame Stella and teachers.
Ghana Together thanks PACCAR Technical Center for the
generous gift of several laptops. These laptops make excellent “internet
machines.” Another of the laptops was presented earlier to Madame Mercy Ackah,
the Director of the Axim Public Library.
In the photo, James Kainyiah, Chairman of our partner
organization Western Heritage Home, conducts the “hand-over” to Madame Stella,
while the school’s accountant (whose name we unfortunately didn’t catch) witnesses
the ceremony.
We note that this formal procedure of “handing over”
items, responsibilities, etc. is an important part of the local culture. Even
rather simple transactions, such as this one, are customarily accompanied by a
simple but important and not casual ceremony marking the occasion.
Formal expressions by both the giver and receiver are exchanged, culminating in a handshake. It indicates publicly, with
witness, that responsibility has been formally passed from one person or entity
to another.
We have had the pleasure of meeting Madame Stella, who started her tenure with the AAGHS in January 2013. She has served the Ghana Education Service in several administrative positions in the Western Region. She expressed to us her excitement and energy for putting this new high school "on the map," as she put it. And so she will!
To contact us, email info@ghanatogether.org
For more information, see http://ghanatogether.org
Aug 16, 2013
Axim JHS Renovation Project Begins
This un-used building sits on a multi-building Primary-JHS public school campus in the heart of Lower Axim, in one of its most-crowded neighborhoods. Because the Ghana Education Service now funds K-JHS education, the school has experienced a large increase in student population in the past few years. The school’s viable classrooms are on double session, with 45-55 kids in the morning and another 45-55 in the afternoon.
PTA Leaders with James Kainyiah, WHH Board Chair, in maroon shirt |
The PTA had the idea that if they could get this
building into usable condition, it could accommodate JHS students plus a small office for Headmistress Esther Abbey, relieving the over-crowding somewhat.
PTA members cleaned up the site, and are bringing in cement blocks, sand, etc. |
So PTA members took action to get this building into usable condition. They have cleaned up the site, brought in blocks, sand, and are volunteering the lower skilled work, such as preparing the work site, small repairs, painting, and clean-up. They are trying to raise funds locally for the window frames with mosquito screening.
Looks like this PTA member is removing the old door frame |
The PTA asked Western Heritage Home, our partner
organization in Axim, for some financial help. WHH in turn presented a project
plan to Ghana Together, which we approved at our August 8 Board Meeting.
Having visited this campus many times, we know this school's population challenges. The plan calls for about $10,000 US, which we, by some miracle, have on hand! :)
The contractor begins work next Tuesday, August 20. Hopefully, when school opens in mid-Sept, the
building will be ready!! When it's finished, we think it will look a lot like this nice primary school building, on the same campus.Having visited this campus many times, we know this school's population challenges. The plan calls for about $10,000 US, which we, by some miracle, have on hand! :)
Contact us at info@ghanatogether.org
Jul 25, 2013
Jerome Chandler Science Resource Center Transferred to Axim All-Girls High School
Readers will remember from our earlier post (Apr 30,2012) that Ghana Together (USA) and Western Heritage Home (Ghana) — with Jerome
Chandler as Project Lead — worked with local Axim-Nzema District educationists to
create the Jerome Chandler Science Resource Center. By January 2012 term,
junior high students and teachers were walking from nearby schools to the
Center for their practicums.
Originally, this Center was geared to JHS students.
Jerome specified materials and wrote many model experiments to support the
Ghanaian Education Service’s (GES) JHS curriculum. The GES assigned teacher Eric Jim to supervise
the Center full-time, a position in which he excelled.Teacher Eric Jim |
Recognizing Teacher Eric’s outstanding talents, the GES assigned him to lead the science department at the new AAGHS. But, the new high school had no science lab. So, in Feb 2013, community leaders— the Science Curriculum Director for the GES; the District Chief Executive; the Chair of Western Heritage Home; the President of Ghana Together (Maryanne Ward); and others—met to figure out a solution.
The group agreed that because the Center was located in
the Western Heritage building, it was not within easy walking distance to some
of the junior high schools, and was underutilized. Because the
AAGHS is more centrally located, the JHS schools could continue to use the
Center in a new location within the AAGHS building.
Therefore, they agreed that the Science Resource
Center should “follow” Teacher Eric to the AAGHS, giving more JHS and SHS science teachers better access to hands-on science resources and making the best use of his talent.
Outgoing Headmistress Cecelia Bonku and incoming
Headmistress Stella Adjei assigned a room, installed security bars on the
windows, and built lockable storage cabinets. All materials
and furnishings were moved to the AAGHS.
Today teachers and students are using the Science Resource Center daily. It works because the curriculum for JHS and SHS are in fact the same, but with
increasing complexity. In addition, these girls have had little, if any, prior hands-on
science instruction.We think the Center is possibly the best in the Western Region. In fact, AAGHS leaders use it in their recruiting efforts. Thank you all.
The disappointment amidst all this good news is that, with a newly-accredited all-girls high school, a substantial influx of new high school students from other regions will arrive in Sept 2013. The Center may no longer be able to serve JHS students, the very group for which it was initially created!
Maybe fixing that
problem can be our mutual focus in 2014!
To learn more, http://ghanatogether.org
To learn more, http://ghanatogether.org
Contact us at 360-848-6568 or info@ghanatogether.org
Apr 10, 2013
Done! Scratch The Dormitory Renovation Off the List!!
Readers may remember we highlighted the renovation of
the Community Development Vocational Institute’s women’s dormitory as a top
priority for 2013. Well, we can strike that one off the list!! Mission
accomplished!
A top priority of Axim leaders is to increase vocational
training for youth, especially females, many who live beyond reasonable walking
distance from the Institute, which is the only such facility in the Nzema East
District. But that requires a boarding facility that is clean, safe, and
reasonably attractive.
Yes, scholarships are welcome.
The sign...more or less! Zak IS getting the hang of photography, we're sure! |
About half the student body. Madame Hajara is on the left in yellow dress |
Madame Hajara Yakubu, Headmistress of the Institute,
drew up a detailed project proposal to renovate the dormitory, which was built
in 1973 and was in dire need of attention. Designed to accommodate about 80
young women, by 2013 only 10-12 were crowded into the two viable rooms. Enrollment
is declining, due to lack of reasonable boarding accommodation, but the need
for training is only increasing.
Western Heritage Home leaders forwarded Hajara’s proposal
to our Ghana Together Board, which agreed to a grant of $5,500 (thanks).
By the time Maryanne Ward arrived in Axim on Jan 21,
work had already commenced.
First step: repair that leaking roof.
Next, rip out the water-damaged old ceiling, install
new 2x6’s, and new ceiling.
See the little wire hanging down? ELECTRIC LIGHTS!! Next will come ceiling fans! |
Repair the window frames, replace glass louvers where
needed, and put new, high-quality mosquito screen on every window (malaria….).
Paint the whole darned place!
Some plumbing work is still needed. The students themselves promised to thoroughly clean up
after construction, including scrubbing the floors. They are excited!
Most students attend this Vocational Institute for four
years, learning multiple trades and specializing in a few: dressmaking, cookery/catering,
home management, needlework and craft, hairdressing, computer literacy, entrepreneurship,
basic mathematics, and English language.
Sewing---including their own clothing, uniforms, etc. Mom brings little one to class. Catering class---there is much demand for these skills in Ghana |
At the end of their training, most go into small-scale
businesses; some continue to higher institutions such as the Takoradi
Polytechnic (like our community college) for further studies.
Most of the 45 current students are women, but young
men are welcome. The school is working on expanding its curriculum to help
students learn trades needed by emerging industries in the area.
Shortly before Maryanne arrived—surprise—the Government of Ghana arrived completely unannounced and installed
a new desktop computer lab with internet-capable satellite dish and common
business-level software! Now to hope for reliable electricity...
Student cost? For a full time student, the cost is about
$275/year, including tuition, room, and food! NOTE: Since this is a vocational institute, costs are somewhat less than half than for Ghana's academic senior high schools. Students in this vocational school normally either have not qualified for academic studies or have chosen to go into "local trades."
We have invested in this project on faith that these
improvements will enable more students to receive training in these trades that
are in demand and will improve their lives. We have confidence that local leaders will do all they can. We will stay in touch with Hajara and other leaders. Stay tuned!Yes, scholarships are welcome.
Contact us at info@ghanatogether.org
Our website is http://ghanatogether.org (click on "News" to see more articles about on the ground happenings)
Mar 18, 2013
Parent-Teacher Association at Apewosika School in Axim, Ghana
So many parents, so many children! Such enthusiasm!
Madame Ackah Welcomes the PTA |
When Maryanne Ward, of Ghana Together, visited Axim in
Jan-Feb 2013, she was thrilled to be invited to a PTA meeting at Apewosika “Christ
the King” School in Axim, Ghana where, with our affiliate Western Heritage Home, we sponsor 43 scholarship
students (see our news update of Nov 12, 2012).
James Kainyiah, Chair of Western Heritage Home, Maryanne Ward of Ghana Together, and David Ackah, Headmaster of Apewosika School meet in the school yard. |
The meeting was held on a Tuesday morning, a good choice by Headmaster David Ackah, since it allowed lots of Dads to attend (as well as Moms, of course), being that Tuesday is the day that the Axim fishermen bring in their canoes from the ocean and spend a day at home.
It was just great to see Dads exhibit such enthusiasm for education. Until recently, most folks in this community didn’t feel much need for education, because they assumed their kids (at least the boys) would go into fishing. But the fish are dwindling and reality is that many of the children will not be able to “grow up to be fisher folks” (and even if they do, a little education won’t hurt!!).
The Apewosika Scholarship Students and their Parents |
None of the 43 scholarship students was enrolled in the school year prior to
Sept 2012 (Ghana school year runs Sep - Aug). Some had never started school; others had dropped out as parents made the financial
decision to enroll younger siblings after their older children had learned “the
basics” of reading and math.
Children were chosen for scholarships after families were interviewed by school and WHH representatives.
Children were chosen for scholarships after families were interviewed by school and WHH representatives.
At first, in September, attendance was somewhat irregular, as both parents
and children adjusted to the discipline of going to school, rather than spending their days playing
on the Atlantic Ocean beach! But, when January 2013 term started, all but three were back! Headmaster David and a representative of our
affiliate, Western Heritage Home, visited those homes, and soon thereafter, all
43 were fully present!
Apewosika School Stresses Handwashing. It's very simple--just a headpan with water--but it's a BIG step forward and is instilling the habit in the lives of the children. |
The tuition for these primary school students ranges from about $60 USD for the youngest students to about $90 for the “Primary 6” level--per year! Ghana Together invests an average of about $75 per student for an entire year of school (thank you, dear friends!!).
The parents commit to providing a uniform (often a
‘hand me down’ from an older friend or sibling), shoes or sandals, underwear, exercise
book, pencil, and near-perfect attendance. Our goal is to get every child
through Primary 6. Headmaster David has launched a basic textbook program---trying to get enough basic math and reading texts for the upper levels. We have contributed a small amount to that effort, as well.
A typical cluster of homes in the Apewosika neighborhood |
Ghana Together has noticed the growing popularity and influence of the individual schools’ Parent-Teacher Associations in Axim. Meetings are well-attended. Parents help out with the school. Dads, especially, volunteer to help maintain the school buildings. This is just one more indication that Ghanaians are putting top priority on education.
Education is our NGO affiliate Western Heritage Home’s top priority, too,
and we are delighted to help them achieve their mission! And we were gratified
by the many “thank you’s” from the Dads and Moms, teachers, and administrators
at Apewosika Village School.
Kindergarten Classroom at Apewosika School |
Feb 17, 2013
Thank you from Ghana (2nd try!)
(Note: We wanted to post James' thank you letter with letterhead, etc., but since it's essentially not very readable, here is another "readable" try!! Maryanne just returned from Ghana, and James surprised her with this letter on the last day of her stay.)
Nana
Kaku Bullu III (Development Chief, Lower Axim Traditional Council)
Ghana
Together
808
Addison Place
Mount
Vernon,
WA
98273
USA
Dear
President,
On
behalf of the Board members of Western Heritage home, Chiefs and people of
Lower Axim Traditional Council, Nzema East Municipal Assembly, and all the
direct beneficiaries of the many projects you have done through us in Axim
since we started this partnership date as far back as 2005/6.
Through
our God given donor and contributors in the USA and other part of the world, we
were able to clothe and shelter 22 orphans and needy kids, provided roofing on
School Buildings for kids, placed mattresses on all beds in Axim Government
Hospital, established science laboratory for JHS Students, help Axim library
with benches and Books and a motor bike. We also tried to establish Remedial classes
for Student and a Bakery which we could not succeed.
The
43 kids we are currently paying their fees at Christ The King Academy in Apewosika
is a great sign of relief to their poor mothers let alone the fathers who's
fishing business is collapsing due to the oil find in our sea.
You
Madam President, coming to Ghana to see the girls hostel at the Axim Community Development
Institution being fixed and meeting with the staff and students at the
Institute was kind of inspiration and promotion for this school.
We
shall forever be grateful to you and your team for your partnership and pray
that Our Dear Lord will guide us ALL to find good and useful projects which
will be within our means to support.
We
ask for Gods guidance and blessing to you, the entire members of Ghana Together
and your wonderful sponsors in the coming years.
Yours
Sincerely,
(aka James
Kainyiah, Chair of Western Heritage Home Board)
Feb 16, 2013
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